Sambhaji gave shelter to Sultan Muhammad Akbar, when the fourth son of Aurangzeb, who sought Sambhajis aid in winning the Mughal throne from his emperor father.

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Sambhajis rule was largely shaped by the ongoing wars between the Maratha kingdom and the Mughal Empire, as well as other neighbouring powers such as the Siddis, Mysore and the Portuguese in Goa.

Sambhaji was captured, tortured, and executed by the Mughals, 1 and succeeded by his brother Rajaram.

Sambhaji was born at Purandar fort to Saibai, Shivajis first and favourite wife.

His mother died when he was two and he was raised by his paternal grandmother Jijabai.

At the age of nine, Sambhaji was sent to live with Raja Jai Singh of Amber, as a political hostage to ensure compliance of the Treaty of Purandar that Shivaji had signed with the Mughals on 11 June 1665.

As a result of the treaty, Sambhaji became a Mughal sardar and served the Mughal court of Aurangzeb and the father and son duo fought along the Mughals against Bijapur.

He and his father Shivaji presented themselves at Aurangzebs court at Agra on 12 May 1666.

Aurangzeb put both of them under house arrest but they escaped on 22 July 1666.

Sambhaji was married to Jivubai in a marriage of political alliance, and per Maratha custom she took the name Yesubai.

Jivabai was the daughter of Pilajirao Shirke, who had entered Shivajis service following the defeat of a powerful Deshmukh who was his previous patron.

This marriage thus gave Shivaji access to the Konkan coastal belt.

Sambhajis behaviour, including alleged irresponsibility and addiction to sensual pleasures led Shivaji to imprison his son at Panhala fort in 1678 to curb his behaviour.

Sambhaji escaped from the fort with his wife and defected to the Mughals in December 1678 for a year but then returned home when he learnt of a plan by Dilir Khan, the Mughal viceroy of Deccan to arrest him and send him to Delhi.

Upon returning home, Sambhaji was unrepentant, and was again confined to Panhala.

Shivajis widow and Sambhajis stepmother, Soyarabai, started making plans with various ministers to crown her son Rajaram as the heir to the Maratha kingdom and the ten-year-old Rajaram was installed on the throne on 21 April 1680.

Upon hearing this news, Sambhaji plotted his escape and took possession of the Panhala fort on 27 April after killing the commander.

Rajaram, his wife Janki Bai, and mother Soyarabai were imprisoned.

Soyarabai was executed in October 1680 on charges of conspiracy.

Bahadurkhan Kokaltash, a relative of Mughal emperor Aurangzeb was in charge of Burhanpur, a Mughal stronghold.

He left Burhanpur with a portion of his army to attend a wedding, giving the charge of the city to Kakarkhan.

Sambhaji tricked Mughals into thinking that Marathas were going to attack Surat that had been plundered twice by Shivaji, but Hambirrao Mohite, the commander of the Maratha army, surrounded Burhanpur.

In contrast to his fathers tactics, Sambhaji permitted torture and violence by his forces.

Sambhaji then withdrew into Baglana, evading the forces of Mughal commander Khan Jahan Bahadur.

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